Pharmacology
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What is pharmacodynamics?
The effect of the drug on the body
What does the study of pharmacodynamics allow us to do?
• Determine the appropriate dose range for patients • Compare the efficacy and safety from one drug to another
Two types of drugs
Natural and synthetic
What is pharmokinetics?
The effect of the body on the drug
What does study of pharmokinetics allow?
Design and optimise treatment regimens for individuals - route of administration - frequency of dosing - treatment duration
What does ADME stand for?
Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
What is the meaning of ADME?
• From site of administration into the blood • drug can reversibly leave the bloodstream and distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluids of tissues • body inactivates the drug through emymaric modification • drug is eliminated from the body in urine, bile or faeces
Main targets for drug action
Receptors, ion channels, carrier molecules, enzymes
Drug action at receptor
• Agonist activates receptor • antagonists block the action of agonists
Drug action at ion channels
Block or modulate the opening / closing
Drug action at enzymes
Inhibit / act as false substrate
Drug action at carriers / transporters
Transported in the place of the endogenous substrate or inhibit transport