last minute things i missed
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How does the process of aldosterone affect water levels
1 causes constriction of blood vessels 1)ow blood presasure and blood volume 2)rennin is released, rennin converts a plasma protein into angiotensin 11 3) angiotensin has two important functions #2stimulates release of aldosterone from adrenal gland 4) aldestrone is carried in blood to the kidneys actsl on nephrons to increase Na+ and H2O reabsorption
key things to note about wwater balance
during the production of ADH in the hypothalamus, after the sensors detect a change in osmotic pressure, the cells of the hyupothalamus shrink, and the nerve message is sent to the pituitary gland then pituitary gland stores and releases ADH into blood
compare the renal artery with the renal vein
renal artery has wastes but also lots of nutrients like glucose and amino acids, etc then the blood is sent into the nephron and is selectively reabsorbed back into blood for the renal vein while the urea and the rest of wastes are urinated while the renal vein only has the nutrients but the wastes are diffused in the nephron
neurons said messages ___________
ELECTROCHEMICALLY
BEST DEFINITINO FOR ACTION POTENTIAL
HOW INFORMATION PASSES ALONG A NERVE AS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
WHAT IS MORE POLARIZED, -90MV OR -70MV
-90MV
how is uric acid created
breakdown of nucleic acids such as DNA
what organism produces ammonia as a nitrogenous waste
fish (flushing)
what organism produces uric acid as a nitrogenous waste
birds and reptiles
what organism produces urea as a nitrogenous waste
amphibians and mammals
better definition of ADH
helps regulate osmotic pressure of body fluids by causing kidneys to increase water reabsorption
ADH can cause… hint Nacl
High NaCl in intercellular spaces draws water out of nephron into blood again
what is the difference between Epinephrine(adrenalin) and Norepinephrine(noradrenaline)
Noradrenaline is the main neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nerves in the cardiovascular system. Adrenaline is the main hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla.
difference between sensory receptors and sensory neurons
Sensory receptors are either specialized cells associated with sensory neurons or the specialized ends of sensory neurons that are a part of the peripheral nervous system, and they are used to receive information about the environment (internal or external).
how many impulses per second to be transmitted across the neuromuscular junction (synaptic cleft area)
1000
the resting potential concentration of ions is kept constant through what?
the resting potential concentration of ions is kept constant through Na+/K+ pumps
when explaining the all or none law dont forget too?
talk about how the firing of a neuron is similar to a gun, either it does or does not depedning on threshold is reached also amplitude of stimulus remains constant, although the frequency is what changes the strength of a stimulus
affects of alcohol on your nervous system
increase turnover of norepinephrine and dopamine increase in GABA or gamma aminobutyric acid decrease in transmission of acetylcholine neurotransmitter increase turnover in beta endorphin
what detects the change in extra cellular fluid for aldosterone
sensory receptors in heart and blood vessels signal the gland cells at the wall of the glomerulus to make rennin