1.1.2 - The Kinetic Molecular Theory
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What does the kinetic molecular theory do?
explain physical properties of matter and changes of state
What are states of matter characterized by?
the different energies of the particles
What is the state of matter at a given temperature and pressure determined by?
the strength of inter-particle forces between the particles relative to the average kinetic energy
What does diffusion occur as a result of?
the random movements of fluids
What does kinetic energy refer to?
the energy associated with movement or motion
What symbol are solutions in water given?
aq for aqueous
What happens as the movement/kinetic energy of particles increases with temperature?
they overcome the inter-particle forces and change state
When does a solid change to a liquid?
at a definced melting point
When does a liquid change to a gas?
at a defined boiling point
When does a liquid change to a solid?
at a defined freezing point
What is the freezing point equal to?
the melting point
How does a gas turn into a liquid?
by condensation
What is the temperature for condensation equal to?
the temperature for boiling
How does a substance change from solid to gas?
sublimation
How does a gas turn into a solid?
deposition
What is another way a liquid can change into a gas?
evaporation
What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling occurs at a fixed temperature for a given pressure when bubbles form throughout the liquid while evaporation occurs only at the surface and takes place over a range of temperatures below the boiling point
What is the temperature at which the vapour pressure is equal to the external pressure called?
the boiling point