Aldehydes and ketones
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Contributes to the flavors and aromas of many foods and assisting in the biological functions of many enzymes
Aldehyde and ketones
A carbonyl group bonded to a H atom (Terminal carbonyl group) *terminal meaning end
Aldehydes
A carbonyl group bonded to 2 C atoms (nonterminal carbonyl group) *terminal meaning end
ketones
An aldehyde; is a coenzyme involved in a large number of metabolic reactions (transamination)
Pyridoxal phosphate
A steroid hormone w/ ketone group; secreted by the adrenal glands to regulate fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism
Cortisol (hydrocortisone)
Properties of aldehydes and ketones
Produces in large amounts for use as solvent and as starting material to prepare a host to other compounds Intermediates in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical agents, in almost all biological pathways, and in numerous industrial process
Produced for use in building insulation materials in the adhesive resin that bind particle board and plywood Commonly used Preservation of biological species
Formaldehyde
Widely used as a industrial solvent
Acetone
Properties of carbonyl group
not electronegative enough to stabilize negative charge Cant act as a leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reaction C is sp2 hybridized Polarized because of high electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon
C is sp2 hybridized which would indicate:
3 sigma bonds one pi bond (p-p overlap) trigonal planar
positively polarized and electrophilic
C
Negative polarized and nucleophilic
O
Use what suffix for aliphatic aldehydes
-al
Use what suffix for alicyclic aldehydes
carbaldehyde
methanal
formaldehyde
ethanal
acetaldehyde
2-bromopropanal
a-bromopropionaldehyde
“a” refers to the
second carbon, first carbon beside the functional group
3-Chlorobutanal
B-Chlorobutyraldehyde
3-methylbutanal
Isovaleraldehyde
prop-2-enal
acrolein