B.1.3 muscular function

Skeletal - voluntary and striated look function is movment Cardiac - the heart involuntary and striated Smooth - involuntary and can be blood vessels and halllow organs

Movement Posture Joint stability Heat production

Contractility: ability of muscle to contract and generate force Extensibility: muscle can be stretched beyond its normal resting length Elasticity: return to resting length after stretched

• Increase in the size of an organ or body tissue. • Transient (short term) • Chronic (long term)

• Loss of size or mass of body tissue • Muscles that are not used for months start to decrease in size and mass

Type I (slow-twitch) Type IIa (fast-twitch) Type IIx (fast twitch)

• Slow-twitch • Small muscle force • Maintain contractions for a long time • Fatigue resistent • Small force over a long time (jogging)

• Fast-twitch • fast neural transmission • strong contraction force • Fatigue resistant • Large forces over a long time (swimming)

• fast-twitch • Fastest contraction • Large forces • Fatigue fastest • Large forces quickly short time (sprints)

Isometric Isontonic concentric Isotonic eccentric Isokienetic

• without moving

• muscles shortens as it generates force against a resistance

• muscle lengthens as it generates force against a resistance

• muscle contracts at a content speed at a joint

• Mover • Muscle shortens

• Muscle that is relaxing and lengthening

• stabilizer • strong to hold the body steady

• help make movements more accurate and reduces unwanted actions • helps the agonist for support movment

The end of a skeletal muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled e.g femur

The end of the muscle attached to a fixed bone e.g clavical

allow the agonist muscle to contract without any interference with the antagonistic muscle

• all the muscles in the body that and the nerves connecting them • motor neurons carry information from the CNS to the muscles (relax or contract)

• Cell body • Dendrites: link the neuron to other neurons and allow information to flow • Axon: cover made of myelin (insultated) electric impulses travel • Axon terminal: transmit messages to other cells via use of neurotransmitters as synapses

general type I am f