Organic Chemistry
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Define organic (old and new definitions)
old - chemicals that come from living organisms new - compounds based on carbon, with other elements such as H, O, N
Define homologous series
a group of chemicals with the same general formula, a pattern of physical properties and similar chemical properties
Define hydrocarbons
compounds consisting of only C + H atoms
Define alkanes
hydrocarbons with only single bonds
How do you name organic substances?
prefix (additional atoms) root of word (noº of C atoms) suffix (homologous series)
What do you call an alkane with 2 C atoms?
ethane
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ ₊ ₂
Fill in the root of the word for each of the number of C atoms: noº of C atoms 1 - 2- 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 -
1 - meth 2- eth 3 - prop 4 - but 5 - pent 6 - hex 7 - hept 8 - oct 9 - non 10 - dec
Write the structural formula for butane
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃ or CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₃
What are the physical properties of alkanes? What are the mpt, viscosity, volatility, and color like?
• covalent discrete mpt - increases due to more IMFs viscosity - increrases due to more IMFs and larger molecules inter-twine volatility - decreases due to increasing bpt color - colorless → yellow → black
Define viscosity
resistance to liquid flow
Define volatility
ease of turning into a gas
To recap: What are the properties of covalent discretes?
• low mpt • insulator • soluble in oils
★ New topic: Isomers ★
5 star this card
Define isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms (dif. structural formula)
Define prefix in the context of naming chemicals
any additional atoms not yet included
Trick to remember isomers:
cannot go through carbons in a line without lifting the pen
What are the rules to name isomers?
number where ‘extra’ atoms are - (number of extra Cs)(number of extra Cs in a row)(yl)(number of Cs in a row)(homolugous series)
What is the method for measuring the enthalpy change for metal + acid?
1) measure 10 cm³ of acid into caliometer 2) measure approximately x g (0.50 g) of metal 3) measure the initial temperature of the acid 4) add metal to acid, start timing 5) record temperature every 15 seconds until temp. starts to decrease (3 readings after it starts decreasing)
★ New topic: Reactions of Alkanes ★
5 star this card
Are alkanes usually reactive or unreactive?
unreactive
Why are alkanes generally unreactive?
because they only contain strong single covalent bonds (saturated)
In what forms can energy be provided to make alkanes react (Ea)?
1) heat 2) electricity 3) light
What are the 3 types of reaction that alkanes undergo?
1) substitution 2) combustion 3) decomposition