Endocrine
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What hormone is released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract?
calcitriol
Blood passes in a direct route from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland through the…
hypophyseal portal veins
Either a deficiency of insulin production by the pancreas, or defects in insulin receptors on target cells, result in the disease of..
diabetes mellitus
For the formation of thyroxine to occur, it is essential that _____ be present
iodine
If you drank a liter of water very quickly, what would happen?
decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the
anterior pituitary
The cell bodies of the axons of the posterior pituitary gland are actually located in the
hypothalamus of the brain
The concentration of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood is regulated by
Parathyroid hormone
The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
The release of cortisol is stimulated by
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
The _____ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin.
beta
The ____________ is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
hypothalamus
What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland?
low levels of calcium ion in the blood
What organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
Pancreas
Which hormone requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
prolactin
Which three hormones have a direct effect on the urinary system in terms of adjusting rate of water loss and ions in the urine?
• antidiuretic hormone • aldosterone • atrial natriuretic peptide
Adrenal hormones useful in treating chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism are
glucocorticoids
What do Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulate?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids results in the following clinical symptoms: redistribution of body fat, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, weakness, hypertension, ‘moon face’ and ‘buffalo hump’, excessive bruising, and poor wound healing. These symptoms are associated with
Cushing’s syndrome
Why can’t insulin be administered by the mouth and must be injected?
it is a protein and would be digested by the enzymes of the stomach
Where is the pineal gland located?
In the brain
Type II diabetes most often occurs in humans who are overweight and…
over 35 years in age
Which chemicals acts both as a neurotransmitter in some locations and as a hormone in other locations?
• Adrenaline (epinephrine) - Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
What is associated with diabetes mellitus?
• glycosuria • polyuria • ketosis • hyperglycaemia