Topic 10 - EQUILIBRIA I
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What is a closed system?
One where there is: - No exchange of matter - No exchange of energy between the system and its surroundings
What is a dynamic system?
One where there is a conversion between reactants and products
What is a heterogenous equilibrium?
Reactants and products are in different phases
What is a homogenous equilibrium?
Reactants and products are in the same phase
What is the definition of Le Chatelier’s principle?
If a reaction at equilibrium is disturbed the equilibrium position moves to counteract that disturbance
What effect will increasing temperature have on equilibrium if the forward reaction is endothermic?
Equilibrium will shift right
What effect will increasing pressure have on the equilibrium if there are fewer gas moles on the left?
Equilibrium will shift left
What effect does adding a catalyst have on the equilibrium?
• No effect on position • Will increase the rate at which equilibrium is established
What is the position of the equilibrium if Kc >1?
Equilibrium lies to the right
What is the position of the equilibrium if Kc < 1?
Equilibrium lies to the left
What does homogenous equilibrium mean?
Everything is present in the same phase
What does heterogenous equilibrium mean?
Components are in different phases
What phases do we include when working with the equilibrium expression?
Solutes (aq) and gases (g) only
In the chemical industry, many processes involve reversible reactions. The product is often removed before equilibrium is attained. Give 3 reasons why the product may be removed before its maximum concentration is achieved (PPQ 3 marks)
• Equilibrium position will shift to the right • Removal of product decreases rate of back reaction • Time to reach equilibrium may be too long • Unreacted reactants can be recycled