Amines
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What are amines?
compounds based on ammonia, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by alkyl or phenyl group(s)
Why are amines considered bases?
They have a non-bonding pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, therefore they are bases as they are able to accept a proton
What classes can amines be?
primary secondary tertiary
Describe primary amines
one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an alkyl group
Describe secondary amines
two of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups
Describe tertiary amines
three of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups
What classes of amines contain hydrogen bonding?
primary and secondary
Describe the boiling points of amines.
Primary and scondary amines have high boiling points due to hydrogen bonding Tertiary amines have boiling points comparable to alkanes
Describe the solubility of amines.
The solubility of amines in water decreases as the alkyl chain length increases Amines form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, therefore shorter chain length amines are soluble in water
What can amines be classified as and why
weak bases because the N atom has a lone pair of electrons which can accept a proton from water producing hydroxide ions.
What are the 2 reactions of amines?
Amine react with acids to form salts Amines can act as nucleophiles and react with polar bonds such as in haloalkanes