Bacteria Test
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A way to classify bacteria is
Gram-staining
Gram-Positive
Purple
Gram-Negative
Pink
The stain responds to the amount of
peptidoglycan in the cell wall
The amount of peptidoglycan determines the
resistance or susceptibility to drugs and disinfectants
Archaea bacteria vs Bacteria domains
Archaea bacteria = old Bacteria domains = new
Cell Wall
Made of peptidoglycan or fats and amino acids. Some have an extra protective membrane outside the cell wall
Gram-Negative bacteria vs Gram positive
• bacteria creates resistance to certain antibiotics + bacteria is more susceptible to antibiotics
Spirillum
Gram-negative bacteria Spiral shaped Causes Lyme disease & Syphilis
Bacillus
Gram-Positive bacteria Rod shaped Causes Anthrax (most diseases occur in insects)
Coccus
Gram-Positive Sphere shaped Causes Strep throat, pneumonia, and food poisoning Chlamydia
Aerobic vs anaerobic
aerobic bacteria needs oxygen while anaerobic doesn’t
Antibiotics
affect bacteria by interfering with their cellular functions
Antibiotic Resistence
Bacteria can mutate because their DNA is relativley fragile
Exotoxins vs Endotoxins
Exotoxins- Some Gram+ bacteria secrete protein toxins Endotoxins- Some Gram- bacteria secrete fat/carb toxin, but not until the bacteria cell like E.coli dies.
Endospores
A shell-like structure that protects bacteria during harsh environmental conditions
Biomedediation
Oil and chemical spill clean up
Zoonosis
A disease that can be passed from animals to humans
Obligate Anaerobes
Cannot live where oxygen is present
Faculative Anaerobes
Can live with or without 02
Obligate Aerobes
Must live with oxygen
Microbiologists`
Are scientists who study microorganisms
Pathogens
Cause disease
Heterotrophs
Obtain carbon from other organisms