4.1 Covalent bonding
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what is the definition of covalent bonding
Strong electrostatic attraction between a nuclei of bonded atoms and a shared pair of electrons
how would you describe covalent bonding
Very strong
what is a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds called
Simple Molecule
what kind of boiling points do Simple molecular substances have
Low boiling points
Why do molecular substances have low boiling points
because they have weak intermolecular forces between molecules, which are easy to break.
Can Simple molecular substances conduct electricity
No
Why can’t simple molecular substance conduct electricity
Because the substance are neutral and can not carry charge. not free to move
what happens as the molecular mass increases
the strength of the weak IMFs this results in the boiling point increasing
what is c60 Fullerene
c60 Fullerene is a unique molecule composed of sixty carbon atoms in a ball
Does c60 have a high Melting/boiling point and state a reason why
yes- because it has a larger molecular mass meaning stronger intermolecular forces which require more energy to break.
what is Diamond
Diamond is a form of pure carbon arranged into a giant lattice
Describe the structure of diamond
-Every c makes 4 covalent bonds -Tetrahedral shape -Strong, grid-like arrangement
does diamond sublime at a high temp if so why.
covalent bonds are very strong it has Lots of bonds in the giant lattice lots of energy is required to break all the bonds
what is diamond used for
cutting because it is one of the hardest substances
can diamond conduct electricity if yes/no state why.
No it can’t beause it doesn’t have any freely moving particles and can not carry charge.( all its atoms are neutral)electrons are stuck inside an atom.;
what is a graphite
a pure carbon arranged in a different giant lattice
describe the structure of graphite
-Layers of hexagons of c atoms -every c makes 3 covalent bonds -weak intermolecular forces between layers -delocalised electrons inside each layer
does graphite sublime at a high temperature
yes because it has lots of strong covalent bonds in the giant lattice which require a lot of energy to break
what is the texture of Graphite and why
soft and slippery layers that can slide easily over each other used as a solid lubricant
what is graphite used for
A solid lubricant
can graphite conduct electricity and why
yes because it has delocalised electrons which are free to move and carry charge
what structure does silicon dioxide have
giant covalent structure
describe the structure of silicon Dioxide
every Silicon makes 4 covalent bonds every oxygen makes two covalent bonds Tetrahedral shape ( like diamond ) strong grid-like arrangement
what is silicon dioxide similar to
diamond