Organic 2 Section 3 - Unit 26: Compounds containing the carbonyl groups

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Explain why ethanoyl chloride reacts readily with nucleophiles. Write an equation for one nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction of ethanoyl chloride (4 marks)

Back (Answer)

• Large charge on carbonyl carbon atom due to bonding to O and Cl • Nucleophiles have electron pairs which can be donated • CH3COCl (l) + CH3CH2OH → CH3CO2CH2CH3 + HCl (g)

Front (Question)

Oxidation of aldehydes (3): • Product • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Carboxylic Acid • Potassium dichromate and dilute sulfuric acid • Heat under reflux

Front (Question)

Reduction of carbonyls (3): • Product • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Alcohol • NaBH4 in aqueous ethanol • Room temperature and pressure

Front (Question)

Addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls (4): • Mechanism • Product • Reagent • Condition

Back (Answer)

• Nucleophilic addition • Hydroxynitrile • Sodium cyanide and dilute sulfuric acid • Room temperature and pressure

Front (Question)

Write an overall equation for the reduction of butanone using [H] to represent the reductant (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

• CH3CH2COCH3 + 2[H] → CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3

Front (Question)

Give one advantage of the use of propanoyl chloride instead of propanoic acid in the laboratory preparation of methyl propanoate from methanol (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

• Faster • Irreversible • Bigger yield • Purer product • No acid catalyst required

Front (Question)

Give one advantage of the use of propanoic anhydride instead of propanoyl chloride in the laboratory preparation of methyl propanoate from methanol (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

• Anhydride less easily hydrolysed - Reaction less exothermic

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride → carboxylic acid (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Water - Room Temperature

Front (Question)

Acid Anhydride → carboxylic acid (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Water - Room Temperature

#10

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride → ester (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Alcohol - Room Temperature

#11

Front (Question)

Acid Anhydride → ester (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Alcohol - Room Temperature

#12

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride → primary amide (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Ammonia - Room Temperature

#13

Front (Question)

Acid Anhydride → Primary amide (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Ammonia - Room Temperature

#14

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride → secondary amide (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Primary amine - Room Temperature

#15

Front (Question)

Acid Anhydride → secondary amide (2) • Reagent • Conditions

Back (Answer)

• Primary amine - Room Temperature

#16

Front (Question)

State two observations, during the determination of melting point that would indicate that a sample of aspirin is not pure (2 marks)

Back (Answer)

• Melting point range would be wide - And below the true melting point

#17

Front (Question)

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of preparing ethyl ethanoate by the reaction of carboxylic acid + alcohol rather than acyl chloride and alcohol (2 marks)

Back (Answer)

Advantages: - Reaction goes to completion, not reversible or faster Disadvantages: - Reaction vigorous/dangerous or HCl is toxic

#18

Front (Question)

Explain why butylamine is a stronger base than ammonia (2 marks)

Back (Answer)

• Lone pair (on N) (in correct context) - R group increases electron density / donates electrons

#19

Front (Question)

What sort of a reaction is Tollens’ reagent (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

• Redox reaction

#20

Front (Question)

Explain why ethanoyl chloride reacts readily with nucleophiles (2 marks)

Back (Answer)

• Large charge on carbonyl carbon atom due to bonding to O and Cl • Nucleophiles have electron pairs which can be donated

#21

Front (Question)

Reagents for oxidation (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

Potassium dichromate

#22

Front (Question)

Reagents and conditions for nucleophilic addition (2 marks)

Back (Answer)

• NaBH4 - In methanol or water

#23

Front (Question)

Reagents and conditions for esterification (3 marks)

Back (Answer)

• Concentrated H2SO4 • Heat under reflux • Warm

#24

Front (Question)

State one use of methyl esters (1 mark)

Back (Answer)

Biodiesel