Chapter 8: Exercise Psychology for the Personal Trainer

This percent of Americans is sedentary during leisure time, and this percent who begin a regime will quit within 6 months

short-term stress related process

long-term stress related process

mental state that is characterized by feelings of apprehension or threat and accompanied by increased physiological arousal, particularly as mediated by the autonomic nervous system

This type of anxiety is largely characterized by this

dispositional factor relating to the probability that a given person is likely to perceive situations as threatening

reductions in anxiety are typically observed during this form of exercise, but are also seen in low intensity and higher-volume forms of this type of exercise as well

a rebound expression of positive affect on termination of a high-intensity exercise bout following the uncomfortable feelings and strain during exertion

short reason behind the opponent-process theory

T/F: the rhythmic nature of the exercise stimulus may quiet the brain, and reduce anxiety

Activation of this portion of the cerebral cortex is elevated relative to this portion after exertion

the metabolic inefficiency of the human body that results in heat production during exercise causing a cascade of events leading to relaxation

two external reasons exercise may reduce stress or depression

T/F: physical exercise isn’t as effective as medication in reducing symptoms of clinical depression

levels of these are increased during exercise, and have an antidepressive effect

The cognitive benefits of exercise are most pronounced in this age group

this has been described as a fundamental index of the overall integrity of the CNS

T/F: physical fitness decreases the decline in cerebral blood flow that normally occurs with aging, or exerts an angiogenic effect

T/F: exercise has no effect on increasing the expression of genes that code for neurotrophic factors

T/F: efficiency of the brain may be due to the maintenance of neurotransmitter function as well as the neurotrophic effect, which likely work in concert with better oxygenation due to angiogenesis to collectively preserve mental function

The greatest magnitude of cognitive benefit of exercise seems to occur in these types of tasks

T/F: exercise and physical activity are of little help to those who are at risk of dementia

This technique can be defined as a strategic approach to behavioral change by which progressive standards of success are set in an attempt to increasingly approximate a desired standard of achievement

this in inherent in the completion of or progress toward the short term goal, and leads to the cognitive evaluation of success or failure