treatments

reverse transcriptase inhibitors protease inhibitors

prevent viral rna from making DNA for integration into the host’s genome

inhibit proteases which catalyse the cutting of larger proteins into small polypeptides for use in the construction of new viruses

antibiotics which destroy bacteria

antibiotics which prevent multiplication of bacteria host’s immune system can then destroy the pathogens

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis- leads to lysis (bursting) of cell disruption of cell membrane- changes permeability and leads to lysis inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, transcription and replication- prevents cell division and/or synthesis of enzymes inhibition of protein synthesis- enzymes not produced inhibition of specific enzymes found in bacterial cell but not in host

quick reproduction of bacteria very large bacterial populations increase number of cells containing mutations some mutations will be advantageous- so bacteria are more likely to survive, reproduce and spread (could include antibiotic resistance) bacteria evolve to disable immune system

between one resistant bacterial cell and a non-resistant bacterial cell one strand of plasmid dna transferred between conjugating bacteria each bacterium replicated the strand to make a complete plasmid both bacterial cells now resistant

antibiotics only used when needed patients complete course of antibiotics so all bacteria are destroyed infection control used in hospitals to prevent bacteria spreading

hand wash stations and sign reminders prevention of ties, watches and long sleeves more regular cleaning/ disinfection of beds and changing bedding