Unit 2 Concept 2
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Passive transport
No ATP High to low concentration (Down concentration)
Active transport
ATP Low to high concentration
Concentration
Amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
Concentration gradient
Difference in concentration of a substance from one location to the other
Simple diffusion
Spreading out of molecules till equilibrium is reached O2 CO2
Facilitated diffusion
Movement with the help of a transport protein Large molecules like glucose And polar molecules
Osmosis
Simple diffusion of water molecules High to low
High water concentration means
Low water concentration
Low water concentration
High water concentration
Hypertonic solutions
Water is lower than the cells cytoplasm Shrivels
Hypotonic
Water is higher than the cells cytoplasm Swells
Isotonic
Identical water and cytoplasm
Positive feedback mechanisms
Output intensifies the response Ex.human birth-fruit ripening
Negativel
Output causes a counter response to return to a set point Ex. Human temp- blood sugar
Stimulus
Change in the environment
Response
A change in the organism
Homeostasis
need of an organism to stay Stable by regulating internal conditions
Feedback mechanisms
evolve to help maintain homeostasis in organisms as they respond to stimuli
Things that can enter membrane easy are
Small non polar hydrophobic
Things that can’t are
Polar large molecules