Key terms/definitions 1&2
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Addition reaction
Reaction where a molecule joins to to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule
Aliphatic
Organic compounds containing C chains and branches
Aromatic
Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings
Carbocation
A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom
Cyclic
Organic compounds containing C rings
Dehydration
Elimination of water
Dehydrogenation
Elimination of hydrogen
Electrophile
Lone pair acceptor
Elimination reaction
Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
Free radical
Species with an unpaired electron
Functional group
The part of the molecule that determines how it reacts
Homologous series
A series of organic molecules that have the same functional group but each successive member has an additional -CH2
Hydration
Addition of water
Hydrocarbon
A molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Hydrogenation
Addition of hydrogen
Hydrolysis
A reaction involving the breaking of bonds due to reaction with water
Nucleophile
Lone pair donor
Organic chemistry
Study of compounds containing carbon
Saturated molecule
A molecule containing no double bonds
Stereoisomers
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
Geometric isomers
Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which have a different arrangement of groups around the C=C
Optical isomers
Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images
Structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
Chain isomers
Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain