1- Lipids
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What elements do lipids contain
C, H, O
What are 2 types of lipids
• Triglyceride • Phospholipids
What are the molecules made up of triglyceride
3 fatty acids 1 glycerol
What are the bonds between fatty acids and glycerol
ester bonds
How many ester bonds are there in one triglyceride molecule
3 ester bonds
What is the structure of glycerol
What is the structure of fatty acid
What is saturated
No double bond betweens between the carbon atoms
What is unsaturated
One or more double bond between the carbon atoms
How can lipids be hydrolysed
• heating with acid/ alkali • use enzyme -> lipase
4 Structures of triglycerides related to function
• High proportion of C-H bonds • Low mass to energy ratio • High ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms • Insoluble
What’s the function of triglycerides having high proportion of C-H bonds
Release twice as much energy as carbohydrates during respiration
What’s the function of triglycerides having low mass to volume
Storing large amount of energy without large amount of space
What’s the function of triglycerides having high proportion of hydrogen to oxygen
Release water when respired , important for organisms living in dry deserts
What’s the function of triglycerides being insoluble
For storage as they are osmotically inactive
Molecules that make up phospholipids
• phosphate group • glycerol • 2 fatty acids
How many ester bonds are there in a phospholipid
2 ester bonds
How is a bilayer formed
Hydrophilic head attracted to water and hydrophobic tails repelled by water
What is the test for protein
Emulsion test for lipids
How to conduct emulsion test and the result
• Add ethanol to smaple • Shake the mixture • add water and mix • white emulsion inicates lipid is present
3 Differences between triglycerides and phospholipids
• Triglycerides contain C,H,O , phospholipids contain P • Triglycerides have 3 fatty acids, Phospholipids have 2 fatty acids • Triglycerides are non-polar, phospholipids are polar and have hydrophobic/ hydrophilic region