Chapter 10

A state of opposition usually involving groups and the state, over something government is doing or proposes to do

Oppositional political action that takes place outside formal channels, generally seeking to have government make significant changes in its policies

Deliberate lawbreaking that accepts punishment by state authorities as part of the action

A form of highly political warfare build around lightly armed irregulars who oppose a government and use hit-and-run tactics and political work to take power

A rebellion or revolt, especially one employing the tools of guerrilla warfare

The use of violence to overthrow a government, especially when the overthrow is followed by rapid, thoroughgoing social, economic and political restructuring

The deliberate use of violence designed to induce fear in a population in order to achieve a political objective

Unofficial strikes Illegal demonstrations Peaceful occupations Civil Disobedience

Petitions Legal Demonstrations Boycotts

The usually disruptive, direct, and highly conflictive ways that people advance their claims on elites, authorities, and opponents, raging from peaceful protest to wars and other lethal conflicts

Exclusion from the mainstream

The legal separation of blacks and whites particularly in the southern United States

The openings that political institutions and processes offer to or withhold from movements

The farmers movement in Canada was able to build political parties and win power because our electoral system and system of parliamentary government as well as the fact that farmers formed a majority of voters in several provinces, made this a workable option

A person who favours separation of a territory from an existing state.

The use of physical force with a political objective

• Violence can be a tactic chosen by an organization, be it a protest movement or a guerrilla army, to advance its aims. • Governments can also use violence against their civilians • Violence can be an unplanned and undesired side effect of an otherwise peaceful political action.

Political violence used by a government against its citizens, generally as a way to repress dissent and keep order.

The kidnapping by security forces of an individual who is never heard from again

A blend of military and political action taken by a government to defeat an insurgency. The tactics are usually described as a mixture of repression and reform.

A form of terrorist violence in which the attackers object to kill her-or himself as well as the target

A Revolution that changes not just who governs but also how a state is organized and how its society and economy are structured.