Psych memory
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processing
operations we perform on sensory info in the brain
input
sensory info we recieve from our environment
storage
retention of info in our memory system
encoding
turning sensory info into a form that can be used and stored by the brain
acoustic encoding
storing sound in our memory system
visual encoding
storing something that is seen in our memory system
semantic encoding
storing the meaning of information in our memory system rather than the sound of a word, we store the definition of it
output
info we recall; behavioural response
retrieval
recalling stored memories
short-term memory
initial memory store that is temporary and limited
long-term memory
holds potentially limitless amounts of info for up to a lifetime
duration
The length of time info can be stored in short and long-term memory
capacity
the amount of info that can be stored in short and long-term memory
rehearse
when we repeat info over and over to make it stick
displacement
when the short-term memory becomes ‘full’ and new info pushes out older info
interference
when new info overwrites older info
amnesia
memory loss, often through accident, disease or injury
anterograde amnesia
a memory condition that means new long-term memories cannot be made, most commonly caused by injury to the brain
retrograde amnesia
a memory condition that affects recall of memories prior to an injury to the brain
active reconstruction
memory isnt an exact copy of what we experienced but an interpretation/reconstruction of events that are influenced by our schema (expectation) when we remember them again
schema (memory)
packet of knowledge about an event, person or place that influences how we perceive and remember
omission
when we leave out unfamiliar, irrelevant or unpleasant details when remembering something
transformation
when details are changed to make them more familiar and rational
familiarisation
when unfamiliar details are changed to align with our own schema