Nutrition

Essential elements needed from food in small quantities (vitamins, minerals)

Nutrients required in large quantities which make up vast majority of metabolic energy to an organism. (Carbs, proteins, fats, water)

Carbs- supplies energy for physical activity, organ function, breaks down fatty acids, energy storage, cell membrane Proteins- growth and repair, hormones, enzymes, body breaks down protein into amino acids so the body can make its own proteins, structure, transport, communication, protection, fuel Lipids- fuel, energy, cell membrane, hormones, precursor of bile acid Water- temp regulation, transportation of oxygen and nutrients, lubrication of joints, aid in waste elimination, give cells stability and shape, medium for biochemical reaction

CH2O

Condensation/dehydration reaction (removal of water molecules and the oxygen binds together)

Saturated- found in animal products and processed foods (meat, dairy, chips, pastries, butter, lard) fully saturated with hydrogen atoms, and does not contain double bonds between carbon atoms. Raise your LDL (bad) cholesterol. Unsaturated- found in foods such as nuts, avocado, olives. Liquid at room temp. Chemical structure contains double bonds. Heart healthy, able to lower cholesterol (LDL) levels, and raise (good) HDL cholesterol. Two hydrogen atoms are missing form double bonds between two carbon atoms and become unsaturated.

Essential- essential to our diet as our bodies can not created them through metabolism Non-essential- acids that can be produced from other amino acids during metabolism.

Carbs- 1760 kj Proteins- 1720 kj Fats- 4000 kj

Can be defined as all chemical processes in living organisms

The constructive phase of metabolism where smaller molecules are converted to larger molecules.

Destructive phase of metabolism where larger molecules are converted to smaller molecules. Aerobic catabolism requires oxygen. Anaerobic does not.

When your body needs more glucose than is ingested glycogen is broken down and glucose (liver) and glucose-6-phosphate can serve as metabolic fuel.

Process of releasing triglycerides from the body’s fat stores. Excess fate is stored in adipose tissues and muscle.

• Secreted from the Bcells in the pancreas • REGULATES BLOOD SUGAR/GLUCOSE LEVELS • increases transport of glucose into the cells • stimulates glycolysis • inhibits gluconeogenesis • promotes glycogenesis • inhibits lipolysis and breakdown of proteins • insulin WANTS you to use glucose, or store it as glycogen, to get blood sugar levels back to normal

Conversion of protein and fat to glucose.

Breakdown of glucose for energy

Conversion of glucose into stored form- glycogen

Hormone that acts the opposite of insulin. • stimulates glycogenolysis and synthesis of glucose to increase blood glucose levels for energy (when blood sugar is low) • activates lipolysis which contributes to energy supply.

Storage form of glucose

Fat cells and some muscle cells

Protein builders- build long chains of amino acids

Work with the ribosomes to assemble proteins

Hold enzymes created by the cell, and digest thing

Builds complex molecules into vesicles and builds lysosomes