(what's the) Matter and materials
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what is matter?
anything that takes up space and has a mass
what is an element?
a pure substance that cannot be split into simpler substances
what are atoms?
the smallest part of a chemical element
what is the periodic table of elements?
a list of elements according to their atomic number
what is made up of matter?
everything we can see and touch including air
what is matter made up of?
atoms
what are elements?
made up of atoms of the same kind listed on periodic table of elements divided into metals, non metals, semi metals periods and groups
what are sub atomic particles?
atoms are made up of samller particles called: • protons • electrons • nuetrons
draw diagram of an atom:
what is the central region of an atom?
nucleus
why are atoms neutral?
because number of protons=nuetrons
what are the properties of a pure substance?
phase conductivity solubility density magnetism melting point boiling point
what are molecules?
two or more atoms chemicals bonded to form a unit
what are compounds?
different elements reacted chemically to form molecules of compounds
what is the ratio of atoms in compounds?
atoms in a compound are combined in a fixed ratio water = 2 : 1 (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom)
how are the atoms in molecules held together?
by a chemical bond
what is a chemical bond?
strong forces of attraction that holds atoms together
how are compounds formed?
by means of chemical reactions
what does decomposing a compound mean?
when compound is broken down into its composite elements
how can substances be decomposed?
*triangle* heating. example: mecury oxide ———————> mercury + oxygen electrolysis, decomposing using electrical energy
what is a mixture?
a combination of two or more substances that have not yet reacted chemically and can be seperated by physical processes
name the methods of seperating mixtures
hand sorting magnetic seperation filtration seperation funnel (remember:(seperation fun)) distillation: • evaporation • fractional distillation chromatography
name the conditions for substances to be hand sorted
both substances must be solids and big enough to pick up with your hands example: peanuts and raisens
name the conditions for substances to be magneticly seperated
one substance must be magnetic and the other non magnetic example: iron filings and sulphur powder