Bonding
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Define Ionic Bonding [2]
Transfer of Electrons from metal to non-metal
Metals lose electrons to form [2]
positive ions
Non-metals gain electrons to form [2]
negative ions
‘_______ force of attraction between opposite charged ions’ [1]
electrostatic
Define Covalent bonds [1]
A shared pair of electrons
Steps to covalent bonds [3]
• Write the atoms • Number of valence electrons • How many electrons it wants to gain (number of electrons shared)
define Ion [1]
A charged particle (through bonding)
define Atom [1]
Neutrally charged particle which makes up everything
Ionic bonding has a ____ melting point [1]
high melting point
Ionic bonding is held together by [1]
Electrostatic force of attraction
Describe ionic bonding [5]
*Between metals + non-metals *Metals lose e- to from positive ions *Non-metals gain e- to form negative ions *transfer of electrons *Electrostatic force of attraction holds ions together
Describe and explain the properties of diamonds [5]
*Giant Covalent *Carbon atoms *Held together by lots of covalent bonds *High melting point Because lots of covalent bonds that require a lot of energy to break *Doesn’t conduct electricity Because no mobile charged carriers
Describe and explain Graphite [4]
*Giant Covalent *lots of strong covalent bonds *Carbon atoms form 3 bonds that require a lot of energy to break *conducts electricity Carbon atoms form 3 bonds so it has delocalised electrons between layers
Describe Covalent bonds [5]
*Shared pair of electrons *Between non-metals *Small molecule *Held together by strong covalent bonds Weak intermolecule forces *Does not conduct electricity Because there are no mobile charged carriers
Ionic bonding has a high melting point because… [2]
A lot of energy is required to WEAKEN the electrostatic force of attraction
Describe and explain the melting point of a giant ionic substances [3]
*high melting point *because strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions *that require a lot of energy to overcome
Describe and explain the melting point of simple covalent substances [3]
*small molecules *weak intermolecular forces *that require a small amount of energy to overcome
Describe and explain the melting point of giant metallic substances [3]
*high melting point *because strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons *That require a lot of energy to overcome
Describe and explain the melting point of giant covalent substances [3]
*high melting point *because lots of strong covalent bonds *that require a lot of energy to overcome
Describe and explain conductivity of giant ionic substances [4]
*doesn’t conduct when solid *because the ions are fixed in position *conducts when molten or aqueous *because the ions can move and carry charge
Describe and explain the conductivity of simple covalent substances [2]
*doesn’t conduct *no free electrons
Describe and explain the conductivity of giant metallic substances [3]
*conducts electricity *because delocalised electrons *can move and carry charge through the structure
Describe and explain the conductivity of a giant covalent substances [5]
*Diamond and silica don’t conduct *Because no free electrons *graphite does conduct *carbon in graphite only forms 3 bonds *so, there are free electrons that can move and carry charge through the structure
Name three giant covalent substances [3]
*diamond *graphite *silica (silicon Dioxide)