Animal Reproduction

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

reproductive cyclicity

Back (Answer)

provides females with repeated opportunities to become pregnant

Front (Question)

estrous cycle

Back (Answer)

physiological events that occur between periods of sexual receptivity (heat) and/or ovulations the full cycle

Front (Question)

estrus

Back (Answer)

period of sexual receptivity

Front (Question)

anestrus

Back (Answer)

condition when females do not exhibit regular estrous cycle

Front (Question)

polyestrous

Back (Answer)

uniform distribution of estrous cycles occurring regularly throughout the year (cow, sow)

Front (Question)

seasonal polyestrous

Back (Answer)

“periods” of estrous cycles occurring only during certain seasons of the year (sheep, goats, deer, mare)

Front (Question)

monoestrous

Back (Answer)

only one cycle per year, often lasting several days (dogs, wolves, fox, bear)

Front (Question)

estrogen

Back (Answer)

Source— ovarian follicle and the placenta Targets— uterus, hypothalamus, mammary tissue Functions—mating behavior, uterine growth, secondary sex characteristics(why females look like females promotes GnRH —gonadotropin releasing hormone)

Front (Question)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back (Answer)

Source— anterior pituitary Targets— ovary (luteal cells in females), testis (interstitial cells in males) Functions—ovulation, corpus luteum formation, progesterone production, testosterone production

#10

Front (Question)

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back (Answer)

source: anterior pituitary targets: ovary (grandulosa cells) and testis (sertoli cells) functions: follicular development, estrogen synthesis, sperm production

#11

Front (Question)

progesterone

Back (Answer)

source: corpus luteum (CL) and placenta targets: uterus, mammary tissue, hypothalamus functions: inhibits GnRH release, maintenance of pregnancy, mammary development pregnancy hormone; pro gestation

#12

Front (Question)

testosterone

Back (Answer)

source: interstitial cells of testis target: skeletal muscle, male reproductive tract functions: anabolic growth, sperm production, secondary sex characteristics

#13

Front (Question)

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Back (Answer)

source: hypothalamus target: anterior pituitary functions: release LH and FSH

#14

Front (Question)

gestation

Back (Answer)

the period of fetal development, beginning wth fertilization and ending with parturition fertilization takes place in the oviduct the zygote migrates to the uterus membranes form and attachment takes place between 20 and 30 days in cattle and horses, 14-21 in swine

#15

Front (Question)

cleavage

Back (Answer)

fertilization through zona pellucida (the thick transparent membrane surrounding a mammalian ovum before implantation) disintegration

#16

Front (Question)

differentiation

Back (Answer)

placentation

#17

Front (Question)

growth

Back (Answer)

shifts to fetus from embryo, ends in parturition

#18

Front (Question)

cow gestation length

Back (Answer)

285 days; 9 months

#19

Front (Question)

ewe gestation length

Back (Answer)

147 days; 5 months

#20

Front (Question)

mare gestation length

Back (Answer)

336 days; 11 months

#21

Front (Question)

sow gestation length

Back (Answer)

114 days; 3 months 3 weeks 3 days

#22

Front (Question)

stages of parturition

Back (Answer)

stage 1: preparatory stage involving cervical dilation and positioning of the fetus in the birth canal via myometrial contractions stage 2: time of hard labor and expulsion of fetus stage 3: expulsion of the placental membranes and subsequent uterine involution

#23

Front (Question)

initiation of parturition

Back (Answer)

initiated by the hormone cortisol released from the fetus; fetus under stress

#24

Front (Question)

dystocia

Back (Answer)

difficult birth, major cause of calf loss