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What distinguishes science from nonscience?
The testing of a hypothesis
A hypothesis must:
account for all available information, be logical and testable
a scientific theory is:
a broad statement that ties together many facts
Economics is not considered a science becuase:
many economic predictions do not come true
what kind of process is reproduction?
a generative process
If data are able to be justified and are on target with other evidence, scientists say that these data are:
valid
a variable that changes in direct response to how another variable is manipulated is known as:
the dependent variable
emergent properties:
features that result from the interaction of simple components when they form much more complex substances
dependent variable
the variable expected to change as a direct result of the manipulation of the independent variable
deductive reasoning
the process of using general principles to predict the specific facts of a situation
order of the scientific method:
make observations, ask questions, explore other sources of information, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis,, find agreement with existing scientific laes and theories or construct new ones, form a conclusion and communicate it
energy
the ability to do work or cause things to move
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
metabolic processes:
taking in nutrients and eliminating waste
generative processes:
activites that result in an increase in the size of an organism (growth) or an increase in the number of individuals in a population (reproduction)
kinetic vs potential energy
kinetic = energy in motion, potential = stored energy
5 forms of energy:
mechanical, nuclear, electrical, radiant, chemical
atomic number
the number of protons in an atom of that element
isotope
same element with a different number of neutrons
atomic weight
an average of all the isotopes present in a mixture in their normal proportions
why are some elements considered inert or noble?
elements like He and Ne have a full outermost energy level under ordinary circumstances
heat
the total internal kinetic energy of molecules. Measured in units of calories, a quantity of energy
ionic bonds
formed after atoms transfer electrons to achieve a full outermost energy level. formed when an element from the left side of the periodic table reacts with an element from the right side (those eager to donate eletrons)
electrolyte
any substance that dissociates into ions in water and allows the conduction of electric current