Ch. 20 (not really): Basic Foundational Material

pro -DNA is not separated from other cellular components euk -DNA is enclosed in a nucleus

haploid -cell with one copy of each type of chromosome in its nucleus diploid -cell with two copies of each type of chromosome in its nucleus

mitosis -produces daughter nuclei that are exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus meiosis -division of diploid cells to haploid progeny

regular alternation of mode of reproduction in the life cycle of an organism ex. -diploid (sporophyte) to haploid (gametophyte)

the internal hydrostatic pressure within plant cells

haploid cell - egg or sperm

haploid reproductive structure that can develop into a new individual without fusing with another cell usually a single cell found in plants, fungi, and certain protists

in organisms in which alternation of generations occurs, the multicellular haploid generation that produces gametes

an individual of the diploid generation produced through fertilization in organisms that undergo alternation of generations produces haploid spores

a cell or organ in which gametes are produced

a cell or organ in which spores are produced

gametes look alike -includes + and - mating types

gametes look nearly alike size difference -larger is female both are either flagellated or unflagellated

female gamete larger than the male and non-motile male is motile

iso -different but same form --bodies of sporophyte and gametophyte hetero -different and different form -having different forms at different points in the life cycle

homo -a single organism has the resources to reproduce sexually hetero -sexes reside in different individuals

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic molecules

conversion of inorganic carbon to organic compounds by living organisms

membrane-bound sac within chloroplasts that are the sight of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

structure in the chloroplasts of higher plants formed by thylakoids stacked one on top of another

the matrix of a chloroplast, containing various molecules and ions

pigment that captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis ex. -carotene -xanthophyll --fucoxanthin -chl. a, b, c

pigments that pass their energy to other pigments (chl. a)

diploid body (2n) -can produce a spore (2n) which turns into another body when meiosis occurs, gametes (n) are formed finds another gamete (fertilization) -plasmogamy and karyogamy results in zygote (2n) -mitosis and differentiation lead to a new body