CELL Biology
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DELETE ONCE TASK IS DONE: after end of years , draw a diagram of labelled animal and plant cell for notes -once in notes quite bad -also add smth abt plasmid which is in note make flashcard -also add to flashcards and stuff that stem cells can produce more stem cells and also stem cells can be grown in a laboratry to form clones (in q 6b paper 2) • also make not that during interphase it goes growth dna replication growth mitosis paper2 q10
How to get from : a. Picometer → millimetre b. centimetre → micrometre c. centimetre → meter
a ) divide by 1 000 000 000 b) multiply by 10000 c) divide by 100
DEFINE: resolution
the ability to distinguish between 2 objects clearly
DEFINE: magnification
the number of times larger an image is compared to the real size of the object
What is the equation for: Total magnification
TM = mag of eyepiece lens X mag of objective lens
What is the units of magnification and where does it go?
UNITS : x it goes BEFORE the number
EQUATION FOR: magnification
MAG = image size / actual size
What are the units for: image size and actual size
MICROMETERS NOTE : ensure you can label a microscope -look at teams chat to self or online (eyepiece lens is like at top objective lens at the bottom)
DEFINE: IMAGE SIZE
the size of the specimen viewed under the microscope
DEFINE: ACTUAL SIZE
the true size of an object in real life
What’s the difference between a eukaryote and prokaryote cell?
A eukaryote cell is a cell which has a nucleus HOWEVER A prokaryote cell is a cell without a nucleus (instead it has a nucleoid which is not bound by a membrane)
Name 3 organelles that plant cells have that animals do not :
1 - large permanent vacuole 2 - chloroplasts 3 - cell wall
What is the function of the ribosomes and where are they found?
FUNCTION : to make proteins which are used in protein synthesis WHERE : found in the cytoplasm in both animal and plant cells
What is the function of the NUCLEUS?
controls the activities of the cell and contains DNA which is organised into chromosomes
What is the function of the CYTOPLASM?
where the chemical reactions occur
What is the function of the MITOCHONDRIA?
Carries out aerobic respiration to release energy in the form of ATP
What is the function of the cell membrane?
it is selectively permeable and controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of the CELL WALL? + WHAT is it made of
Provides SUPPORT (and structure) • made of cellulose
What is the function of the CHLOROPLASTS?
contains chlorophyl for photosynthesis (ensure spelling accuracy of chlorophyl )
What is the function of the LARGE PERMANANT VACUOLE?
stores water and ions
List the organelles of a bacterium cell ( 7)
-Cell (plasma ) membrane -Cell wall -Flagellum -Ribosomes Nucleoid (DNA) -Plasmid -Cytoplasm hint : CCFRNPC
Compare the DNA in bacterial cell vs a plant and animal cell
In a bacterial cell , the DNA is stored in the nucleoid and not bound by a membrane HOWEVER in plant and animal cells , the DNA is stored in the nucleus bound by a membrane
COMPARE the cell wall in bacterial cells animal cells plant cells
In a bacterial cell the cell wall is made of complex molecules HOWEVER in a plant cell the cell wall is made from cellulose whereas there are no cell walls in a animal cells
COMPARE the mitochondria in a bacteria cell animal cell plant cell
There is no mitochondria in a bacteria cell however mitochondria is found in plant and animal cells to carry out aerobic respiration and release energy in the form of ATP)