A: Homeostasis
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What is homeostasis
Homeostasis is the regulation of your body’s internal state, regardless of external factors, keeping at the optimum environment for functioning
What are the two main systems that control homeostatic processes
The Endocrine and the Nervous System
What are some things that homeostasis balances?
Glucose levels, blood pressure, water levels, temperature, acidity
What is glycogen
Glycogen is a stored version of glucose
Where is glucagon produced
In the pancreas in the islets of langerhans
If you have low blood glucose levels, what is the term for it
Hypoglycemia
If you have high blood glucose levels, what is the term for it
Hyperglycemia
What homeostatic processes occur when your glucose level spikes
Your pancreas produces insulin and your liver starts to store glucose as glycogen, and your cells conduct cellular respiration at an accelerated rate
What homeostatic processes occur when your glucose level plummets
Your pancreas will produce glucagon and your liver will covert glycogen back into glucose and release it into your bloodstream
What is insulin
Insulin is a hormone that tells cells to take in glucose to use in cellular respiration. Insulin production is directly proportional to blood sugar increasing
What is glucagon
A hormone that triggers you liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood flow, stop the liver from storing glucose in the form of glycogen and helps your body create more glucose out of other sources.
Where is glycogen produced
In the liver (from glucose)
Where is insulin produced
In the pancreas in the islets of langerhans
What is an enzyme
A biological catalyst
How does an enzyme get its shape
Amino acids form a long protein change which folds due to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces to create a three dimensional structure
What effect does an enzyme have on a chemical reaction
It speeds things up (if the enzyme has the correct shape to react with the reactants) without partaking in the chemical reaction itself
What is a catalyst
A substance that speeds up, but is not changed, in a chemical reaction
When do enzymes work best
At the optimum temperature and acidity level
What are the reactants in an enzymatic reaction called
Substrate
What is the difference between an anabolic and catabolic reaction
Anabolic is when two or more substrates combine to make one product whereas catabolic reactions are when a substrate breaks down into two or more products
What is positive feedback?
When your body encounters a variable that attempts to change your internal state and intensifies it
What is negative feedback?
When your body encounters a variable that tries to change your internal state and counteract it
What is a stimulus response model
A model that represents how your body reacts to stimuli
What are the parts of a stimulus response model
Stimulus—>receptor—>coordination center—>effectors—> response