Exam yr 10 semseter 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid molecule located in the nucleus of cells that contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism.

A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome which is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring.

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids found in the nucleus of living cells, which carries genetic information in the form of genes.

The division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material. May be mitosis (clone copy) or meiosis (for reproduction).

Reproductive cells of plants and animals which are haploid because they contain only one set of chromosomes.

Fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).

Cells of the body which do not include gametes. These are diploid because they contain two sets of chromosomes.

An individual’s observable trait. This is determined by both their genomic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors.

All of the numbered chromosomes of the cell which do not include the sex chromosomes. These contain the bulk of the cell’s information required to function.

Chromosomes which pair during replication and have the same structural features and pattern of genes.

Three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal pair of two eg the addition of a number 21 chromosome that results in Down syndrome within each cell. Only one copy of a particular chromosome is monosomy

The number and general appearance (size, shape and banding) of a set of chromosomes in a somatic cell.

Compounds (DNA building blocks) containing a sugar part (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate part and a nitrogen-containing base that varies

The concept that in DNA every adenine (A) binds with a thymine (T), and every cytosine (C) binds to a guanine (G).

A sequence of three nucletides in DNA that can code for one amino acid. For example the triplet base sequence CAA codes for the amino acid, valine

The paired set of chromosomes within a somatic cell eg 23 prs in each body cell. Sex cells have only one copy of each chromosome in the cell and this is referred to as the haploid number

Differences of characteristics shown in individuals due to various reasons. Inheritance of this variations or phenotypes may be favourable to increase chance of survival.

Alternative forms of a gene for a particular characteristic. Each allele is characterised by a slightly different nucleotide sequence

Having two identical alleles for a characteristic within the genotype

Having two different alleles for a characteristic within the genotype

A period is a horizontal row of the Periodic table. A new period begins when a new electron energy level begins filling with electrons.

A group is a vertical column of the Periodic table. Groups all share the same number of valence electrons and have similar chemical properties.

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which is characteristic of a chemical element and determines its place in the periodic table.

Is a measure of how heavy atoms are, which is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.