Topic 1 - Let's React
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What is an atom?
All of the materials around us made up of tiny building blocks
Describe the structure of an atom
proton and neutrons inside of nucleus electrons on shells outside
What is the charge of a proton?
positive
What is the charge of a neutron?
no charge
What is the charge of an electron?
negative
Explain what is meant by a neutral atom
there are equal amount of protons and electrons
How do you find the amount of neutrons in an atom?
mass number - protons = neutrons
What is the electron shell arrangement?
2,8,8,2
What does heating an element do?
• electron to absorb energy and jump to a higher energy level or shell • electron is excited and unstable and quickly returns to a lower energy level releasing a fixed amount of energy
How is coloured light released?
when the electron returns to the lower energy level and releases a fixed amount of energy or photon.
What colour does lithium produce?
red
What colour does sodium produce?
yellow
What colour does copper produce?
blue
What colour does barium produce?
green
Why are valence shell electrons important?
It determines how an atom behaves when it meets another atom. (reactivity of it)
Relate the number of valence electrons to the group number on the periodic table
The number of electrons in the valence shell is the number group the element is in. eg. chlorine (17) is in group 17.
What is an ion?
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
What is a cation?
positive ion that loses electrons to have a full outer shell
What is a anion?
negative ion that gains electrons to have a full outer shell
Which type of element forms cations?
metals
Which type of element forms anions?
non metals
Why do atoms form ions?
to become stable and have full outer shells
Explain how bonds form between ions
Ionic bonds form between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms.
state the Law of Conservation of mass in chemical reactions
mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction, so the total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products