Lecture 11 - Water, Carbs, Lipids, Proteins
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How are feeds classified?
Concentrate or roughage
What are types of Concentrates?
• cereal grains (corn, wheat, barley, oats) • oil meals (soybean meal, linseed meal, cottonseed meal) • molasses, dried milk products • digestibility often on the 50-60% range (even lower for straws)
What are some functions of water
(Primary) 1- component of cellular metabolism 2- medium for thermoregulation (Other) Water is also a transport medium and diluent
How is water universal solvent?
Solvent - substance that dissolves the solute resulting in a solution Body fluids - complex liquids solutions • moves substances • key to metabolism and essential for thermoregulation
What are some sourced of water available to animals
Potable water and feeds
What is the primary route of water loss
Urination, defecation and vaporization
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Serve as an energy source
What are the 2 different classes of carbohydrates?
Simple or complex
Simple Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides and disaccharides • sugars (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose)
What are complex carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides • starch • fiber (Maltose, sucrose, lactose)
Amylose
Straight/linear chain
Amylopectin
Branched chain and much larger molecule than amylose
What is fiber?
Complex carbohydrate composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin • structural carbohydrate • main components of plant cell walls • structural support
What is cellulose composed of?
Exclusively of glucose units
What are non-digestible carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates that are resistant to digestive enzymes of animal origin
What are the Volatile Fatty Acids? Where do they come from?
Acetate, Butyrate and Propionate • major source of energy for ruminants • from fermentation of carbohydrate
Glycogen
-energy storage by animals The body can only store limited amounts of glucose as glycogen
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
What is a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone