Week 13: Noise/Exposome

Unwanted sound Sound is created when objects vibrate - air is compressed and expanded forming waves

Amplitude and frequency

1) Sound waves enter, travel to ear drum 2) Eardrum vibrates with incoming sound, sending vibrations to middle ear bones 3) Vibrations from middle ear travel to inner ear, cochlea, which activate tiny hair cells which release neurochemical messengers 4) Auditory nerves cary electrical signal to brain

Source, distance, atmospheric absorption, wind, temperature and gradient, obstacles, ground absorption, reflections, humidity, precipitation

Logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of the sound pressure level Loudest: 195dB

Sleep Attention span Cognitive

Lack of control, anxiety, aggression, depression

Stress - increased BP and HR leading to cardiovascular disease Diabetes Immune depression Problems with fetal development

Combined exposures from all sources that reach the internal chemical environment

Study of inherited changes in phenotype or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in underlying DNA sequence DNA methylation

Methyl markers added to certain DNA bases that repress gene activity

When histones are tagged or acetylated, chromatin is open and genes are active When histones are not chemically tagged, deacetylated, the chromatic condenses and genes silenced

RNA not used to make proteins, but can be cleaved and used to inhibit protein-coding RNAs