Characteristics of Sound
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acoustics of sound
physical attributes of sound
psychoacoustics of sound
what we perceive as sound, perceptual attributes
frequency (Hz)
number of cycles of vibration per second higher frequency, higher pitch
period (t, sec)
how long air molecules vibrate-the time required for each vibration cycle to occur
amplitude/intensity
how big are pressure changes
wavelength
how far waves travel
pitch
how high/low on musical scale
loudness
volume
quality
tone of sound-noise vs tone
waveform
graph that shows time on horizontal axis and amplitude on vertical, used to show pressure changes over time
what is the human range of hearing?
20 Hz- 20,000 Hz, but we hear best at 1,000 Hz- 4,000 HZ
Subsonic
below human hearing range
supersonic
above human hearing range
describe the relationship between frequency and period
there is a reciprocal relationship between frequency and period if t=.05 sec then F= 20 Hz
periodic waves
every cycle lasts the same amount of time, can be assigned a pitch on a musical scale
aperiodic waves
cycles last different amounts of time, cannot be assigned a pitch ex) fricatives and stops, white noise, noise, voiceless sounds
velocity of sound
how fast sound travels in a specific direction
what is the speed of sound in air?
34,000 cm/sec or 700 mph
velocity increases when the temperature is…
warmer
velocity increases in which materials…
water and dense materials
what is wavelength?
the distance covered by one complete cycle of pressure change (measured in meters/centimeters)
How are frequency, period, and wavelength related?
higher frequency> smaller period> shorter wavelength
what is an incident wave?
the wave generated when an object vibrates
depending on the boundary of the wave, it may be..
transmitted, absorbed, or reflected