L15: Orbital II: The Milankovitch Hypothesis
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do planets orbit in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction?
counter-clockwise
the Earth is is the … planet from the sun
3rd
who do we associate with the very long changes in the Earth’s orbit and their influence on the Erath system?
Milutin Milankovitch
what is gravity?
the natural phenomenon by which all things with mass gravitate toward one another
who proposed the general theory of relativity?
Einstein
when was the general theory of relativity proposed?
1915
what does the general theory of relativity describe?
describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass
what is gravity on Earth expressed as? include units
9.8 m/s^2
what is the definition of 1G?
Earth’s gravity
what happens when Earth becomes close to alignment?
it becomes warped out of its orbits by the gravitational attraction which imparts 3 changes on the way in which the Earth is rotating
what does axial precession look like?
a wobbling spinning top
what is axial precession?
describes the wobbling of the Earth on its tilt and the circle described by the geographic pole
what is the meaning of perihelion?
the point in a planets elliptical orbit where it is closest to the sun
what is the meaning of aphelion?
the point in a planets elliptical orbit where it is furthest from the sun
currently, when is Earth in perihelion?
January
currently, when is Earth is aphelion?
July
what impact does axial precession have on the timing of perihelion and aphelion?
causes them to occur at different times of the year
how long is Earth’s procession cycle?
every 23,000 years
what is eccentricity?
the change in the shape of the orbit
where is the main climactic impact of procession known to be in?
low latitudes
the strength of the … is tightly couples to the processional
monsoon
procession has a low … impact on climate
latitude
what is obliquity?
the tilt of the Earth’s axis relative to the plane of the ecliptic
obliquity varies over … years from 22.1 degrees to … degrees
41,000 24.5