Forces Acting Across Membranes
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What is meant by the membrane being “dynamic”?
Constantly changing, being broken down or formed etc.
What are integral membrane proteins?
Membrane proteins that are imbedded in the membrane
List 4 examples of integral membrane proteins
• Enzymes • Transporter proteins • Ion channels • Receptors
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins on the membrane but not imbedded. They aren’t amphipathic
What’s peripheral proteins most common function?
Enzymes connected to integral membrane proteins.
Name two membranes that differ greatly in membrane protein content
• Schwann cells (18%) - Mitochondria (70%)
What do molecules need to be to diffuse across the membrane?
• Small • Uncharged • Lipophilic
How do voltage gated channels open in response to a change in potential difference?
The electrical potential acts on charged regions which causes a conformational change
What is the electrochemical gradient?
The fact that the concentration of ions in the cell also changes the potential difference, this can affect the movement of ions (positive ions don’t want to move to the overall positive side.)
Describe carrier mediated facilitated transport?
• molecule complementary to receptor binds - Conformational change in receptor, moves molecule into the cell.
Define osmolarity
Measure of solute concentration, e.g. 1mole of glucose has an osmolarity of 1 osmole/L
Why does 1M of NaCl have an osmolarity of 2osmol/L
It dissociates into 1M of Na and 1M of Cl
Isosmotic?
Equal numbers of both non penetrating and penetrating solutes on both sides of the membrane
Isotonic
Equal numbers of non penetrating solutes on each side of the membrane