Calcium Homeostasis and Hormonal Regulation

True or false? PTH and 1,25(OH)2D (vitamin D) are the principal hormones involved in the normal physiologic regulation of calcium homeostasis.

The primary organs involved in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis are the intestine, _____, and kidney.

Skin, _____, and kidneys are involved in the production of the active metabolite of vitamin D.

True or false? Cod liver oil (ugh!) is a source of vitamin D.

True or false? 1,25(OH)2D is the best blood test for determining adequacy of vitamin D stores in the body

True or false? PTHrP is produced by some cancers and often leads to cancerassociated hypercalcemia.

True or false? 1,25(OH)2D, due to 1-hydroxylase activity in macrophages, may be produced to excess in granulomatous diseases and lymphoid disorders, leading to hypercalcemia.

In PHPT, the defect primarily lies in _____. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, the defect primarily lies with the threat of _____ to the body.

Development of _____ _____ is the primary complication of hypercalciuria (increased urinary excretion of calcium).

_____ _____ is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism.

_____ is a type of bone most rapidly lost in response to hypogonadism and glucocorticoid therapy

_____ cells in bone are responsible for bone resorption, and _____ cells are responsible for bone formation.

_____ is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in the United States.

True or false? Hormone replacement does not inhibit bone resorption in osteoporotic patients

True or false? Teriparatide is the only drug currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of osteoporosis that directly stimulates bone formation (i.e., it is not an antiresorptive drug).