D1.1 Applications of DNA Tools
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What is DNA profiling?
Comparing DNA banding patterns unique to each person.
Why test victim and investigator DNA too?
To eliminate contamination.
Why repeat DNA analysis in DNA profiling?
Increases reliability.
Can DNA profiling alone convict someone?
No → used with other evidence.
Example use?
Blood, hair, or saliva from crime scenes matched to suspects.
What genetic marker is used in paternity testing?
STRs = short tandem repeats.
How many STRs are tested in paternity testing?
10–13 different STRs.
Why use multiple STRs?
Higher certainty (99.99% probability).
How many mismatches exclude a man in paternity testing?
Two mismatched STRs = not the father.
What is a paternity index (PI)?
Statistical measure of significance of STR match.
How is probability calculated in paternity testing?
Multiply all PIs together.
Example of conservation use of DNA profiling?
Tracking illegal whale meat in markets.
Archaeology use?
Identify ancient human or animal remains.
What did DNA profiling show in Japan/Korea?
10% of samples were from endangered whales.
Why is DNA profiling important for wildlife conservation?
Exposes illegal hunting and false reporting.
Medical use?
Detect pathogens (COVID-19, HIV).
Industrial use?
Track contamination or sabotage.
Disaster victim identification?
Match DNA from remains to relatives.