Cell Biology

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What can all life forms on earth be traced back to?

Back (Answer)

A Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)

Front (Question)

What is the most widely used phylogenetic marker?

Back (Answer)

Small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene (SSU rDNA)

Front (Question)

Functions of the plasma membrane?

Back (Answer)

• Communication with the environment, other cells • Barrier functions - passage of molecules in and out of the cell • Cell growth, shape change, movement, division

Front (Question)

Function of cytosol

Back (Answer)

Many metabolic pathways, protein synthesis

Front (Question)

Function of nucleus

Back (Answer)

Contains main genome, DNA and RNA synthesis

Front (Question)

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

Back (Answer)

Synthesis of most lipids; synthesis of proteins for distribution to many organelles and to the plasma membrane and secretions

Front (Question)

Function of Golgi apparatus

Back (Answer)

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for various organelles, PM or secretion

Front (Question)

Function of lysosomes

Back (Answer)

Intracellular degradation

Front (Question)

Function of endosomes

Back (Answer)

Sorting of internalised material

#10

Front (Question)

Function of peroxisomes

Back (Answer)

Oxidation of toxic molecules

#11

Front (Question)

Function of mitochondria

Back (Answer)

Oxidative phosphorylation, FeS cluster biosynthesis

#12

Front (Question)

Function of chloroplasts

Back (Answer)

Photosynthesis

#13

Front (Question)

Function of transporters

Back (Answer)

Move nutrients, metabolites or ions across membranes

#14

Front (Question)

Function of linkers

Back (Answer)

Join membranes to intra- or extracellular macromolecules, eg links to cytoskeleton

#15

Front (Question)

Function of receptors

Back (Answer)

• Transduce signals from environment (eg hormone and growth factor receptors) • Transport of land - plgR, transferring receptor

#16

Front (Question)

What is the glycocalix?

Back (Answer)

The cell coat- protects cells against chemical, physical and biological damages

#17

Front (Question)

Which amino acid are N-glycans linked to?

Back (Answer)

Asparagine

#18

Front (Question)

Which amino acids are O-glycans linked to?

Back (Answer)

Serine/Threonine

#19

Front (Question)

Ways in which glycans affect health and disease

Back (Answer)

Modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, can promote cancer cell metastasis

#20

Front (Question)

Functions of the glycocalyx

Back (Answer)

• Protection - can keep unwanted interactions at a distance • Adhesion - carbohydrate binding proteins on other cell surfaces or in extracelular matrices • Recognition - cell type specific glycosylation patterns • Storage - bind and release growth factors

#21

Front (Question)

When is autophagy important?

Back (Answer)

During normal cell growth and differentiation

#22

Front (Question)

What is dysfunctional autophagy associated with?

Back (Answer)

Infectious disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer

#23

Front (Question)

Where are intermediate filaments found?

Back (Answer)

In the cytoplasm and nucleus

#24

Front (Question)

How large are intermediate filaments?

Back (Answer)

10nm in diameter