Unit 0 Part 2
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mole
unit of measurement of atoms/molecules in realistic sizes
Mole is equal to
Avagadro’s number
Avagadro’s number
6 x 10^23
molar mass
grams in a mole of a substance
molar mass is equal to
atomic mass (amu)
law of simple proportions
integer ratio of elements in a compound
Stoichiometric ratios only apply to __
moles
Percent composition
ratio of mass of a substance to total mass of compound
Empirical formula
Simplest ratio of atoms in a compound
Molecular formula
formula of compound that corresponds with its given mass (multiple of empirical)
Percent composition > empirical formula
• assume percentage is total relative mass (e.g. C 12% = 12g of C) • Divide relative mass by molar mass • Find simplest ratio of moles
Reaction Stoichiometry
proportions of compounds that react
Stoichiometric calculation
(in [unit > moles]) x (stoichiometric ratio [unknown element/known element]) x (out [moles > unit])
Limiting Reagent
the reactant you deplete first in a reaction
How to find limiting reagent
• find theoretical yields using stoichiometry for a specific product • whichever yields the least is limiting
Percent yield formula
true yield / max possible yield (found thru limiting reagent)
Solvent
Larger amount in a solution (ie water)
Solute
Smaller amount in a solution (eg salt)
Molarity formula
moles of solute (n) / volume of solution (L)