Magnetism
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What 4 metals do magnets pick up?
Nickel, cobalt, iron, steel
Name metals that magnets won’t pick up
Copper, aluminium, gold, silver
How do you show that an object is a magnet?
If it is repelled by another magnet
The strongest parts of a magnet are
The poles, North and South
What are magnetic materials that are strongly attracted to magnets
Ferromagnetic/ nickel, cobalt, iron
How do you know when a food tin is made of steel?
To see if a magnet is attracted to it. Steel is a magnetic material - tin is not
Explain a fridge door arrangement.
The fridge frame and door are both metals that are attracted to the magnetic rubber in between, meaning that they stay shut together.
Explain how to make a magnet using a test tube of iron filings.
• Shake the tube to mix the iron filings • Check the tube is not magnetised (both ends attract compass needle) • Stroke the tube in 1 direction, with one pole of a magnet. Watch the iron filings line up • Check that the tube is magnetised (one end should repel the compass needle) • Shake the tube to mix the fillings. Use the compass to check that the magnetism had gone
Does this iron filling experiment suggest that a magnet can be made from magnetic materials?
Yes
What is a magnet?
An object that possess the property of attracting certain substances (iron, nickel, cobalt) A magnet has two poles called North and South
What is a magnetic material?
A magnetic material is a material that can be magnetised and is attracted to magnets
Name another way to magnetise a magnetic material.
Place a piece of iron by leaving it next to a magnet for a while. Eventually, the domains move around so they are lined up.
Name a few ways on how to remove magnetism
Don’t cut it up • Use a hammer so the vibrations cause the atoms to move around and point in different directions. • Drop the magnet (for the same reason as above) • Heat the magnet (excessive heat gives the atoms energy and causes atoms to move rapidly. They knock neighbouring atoms out of alignment)
Domain?
A pair of atoms that have a North and South Pole
Why doesn’t a normal piece of iron act like a magnet?
Because iron is an element that has only one atom. But the domains are not lined up. A material needs to have two to have poles
What are the 3 stages of domains when being magnetised?
Unmagnetised, partially magnetised and fully magnetised
Why should you NOT drop magnets on the floor?
Because the vibrations will mix the domains and the magnet will de magnetise
How can you show a magnetic field using iron fillings?
• Place two exercise books on the table and pit one magnet in the gap between them • put a plain sheet of paper over the magnet and rest it on the books • Shake the iron fillings onto the paper • Tao the corner of the paper with a pencil and keep tapping until you are happy with the pattern If you want the pattern to be permanent use waxed paper and then melt the wax
How to show a magnetic field using a plotting compass
• Place your magnet in the middle of a sheet of paper - turn the paper so the North end of the magnet is pointing north • Draw around the magnet and write an “N” where the North Pole of the magnet is. • Then draw a dot at the top right hand corner of the magnet • Place the compass there so that the needle points away from the dot • Next draw a dot on the paper at the other end of the needle • Move the compass to the next dot and do the same for 6 more dots then start at a new position near the magnet
What is a magnetic field?
The area around a magnet where magnetic materials (eg iron) will experience a force
Where will the north needle of a compass point and why?
South because opposites attract
What materials will let magnetism act through
Paper, aluminium, wood etc
What happens when magnetism can’t pass trough a material?
It will block the magnetic field and the paper clip will drop
What are substances that let magnetism act through them
Substances that cannot be magnetised.