Exam 1

bacteria with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles

plants and animals with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

like a cells organs, each have their own specific jobs

everything in the cell except the nucleus

watery matrix that organelles float in

-surrounds the cell and decides what comes in and out -semi permeable: allows nutrients in and waste products out -made of a phospholipid bilayer -also called a plasma membrane found in: plant cells, animal cells, and prokaryotic cells

-control center of the cell -stores DNA (chromosomes) -surrounded by the nuclear membrane -also contains the nucleolus which make ribosomes found in: plant and animal cells

-smallest organelle; not surrounded by a membrane -makes protein according to DNA instructions -two types: free ribosome-float free in cytosol and bound ribosome-attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum found in: plant cells, animal cells, and prokaryotic cells

-transport system for materials in cell -covered with ribosomes; site if protein synthesis found in: plant and animal cells

-transport system for materials in cell -no ribosomes; it makes hormones and lipids found in: plant and animal cells

-delivery system of the cell -collects, modifies, and packages molecules in the cell -distributes and transports molecules in vesicles found in: plant and animal cells

-trash disposal of the cell -contains digestive enzymes that break down waste found in: plant and animal cells

-the powerhouse of the cell -only organelle that has its own DNA -site of cellular respiration -converts energy stored in food into energy the cell needs (ATP) -sugar + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP found in: plant and animal cells

-found only in plant cells and algae -contains green pigment, chlorophyll -changes sunlight (solar energy) into food like glucose (chemical energy)

-found only in plant cells and some bacterial cells -rigid, protective barrier (maintains cell shape) -located outside of the cell membrane -made of cellulose (complex fiber made of carbohydrates)

-large central vacuoles usually in plant cells -many smaller vacuoles in animal cells -storage container for water, food, enzymes, waste, etc. -supports cell shape in plant found in: plant and animal cells

Chloroplasts and Cell Walls

relatively low input, grown on large scale: wheat, soybeans, corn

require more intense and constant care from planting to consumer delivery: fruit, nut, vegetable crops

primary producers/autotrophs; they are the only organisms that can create their own energy from the sunlight

carbon dioxide + water (in soil) + sunlight –> oxygen + carbohydrate energy

-need to complete photosynthesis -need proper nutrients (water, oxygen, sunlight, soil) -need nutrients to form DNA, enzymes, act as chemical catalysts, etc.

Sexual Reproduction-pollen fertilizes an ova –> seeds Asexual Reproduction-drop leaves, rhizomes & stolons (runners), bulbs Propagation: reproduction facilitated by humans ex: cutting, grafting, etc.

the process of converting sugars into energy