2 - Inorganic Chemistry (d) Reactivity series
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How can metals be arranged into a reactivity series?
By testing their reactions with water and dilute hydrochloric acid, or sulfuric acid, we can deduce an order of reactivity based on how violent the reaction is.
How can we use displacement reactions to order the reactivity series?
A metal will displace a less reactive metal from a salt or oxide, so we can use this to see what displaces what and then order a reactivity series.
What is the order of reactivity? What is an acronym to help remember it?
Potassium - Please Sodium - Stop Lithium - Lamely Calcium - Calling Magnesium - Me Aluminium - A Carbon - Careless Zinc - Zebra Iron - Instead Tin - Try Lead - Learning Hydrogen - How Copper - Copper Silver - Saves Gold - Gold
Under what conditions does iron rust?
When Water and Oxygen are present
What 3 methods can be used to prevent the rusting of iron? How do these work?
Barrier method - Painting, oiling, greasing, electroplating. Provides an impermeable barrier between the iron and air (moisture, oxygen) Sacrificial protection - Attaching a piece of a more reactive metal to the iron/steel. The more reactive metal oxidises in favour of the iron, so it is a ‘sacrifice’. The metal needs to be replaced once fully oxidised before the iron then starts to rust. Galvanising - Involves both barrier and sacrificial protection. The iron/steel is plated in zinc, a more reactive metal than iron. The top layer of zinc oxidises in air, but no further corrosion takes place. If the zinc gets scratched, the lower exposed layer will then oxidise in favour of the iron beneath it, until the scratch is repaired.
What are Oxidation and Reduction?
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons (Gain of oxygen) Reduction Is Gain of electrons (Loss of oxygen)
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction involving both oxidation and reduction.
What is an oxidising/reducing agent?
Oxidising agent - The substance that is reduced, to allow the other substance to oxidise. (Takes electrons, gives oxygen) Reducing agent - The substance that is oxidised, allowing the other substance to reduce. (Gives electrons, takes oxygen)