Paper 1- Inorganic Chemistry
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What are the Group 1 metals known as
alkali metals
What are simple reactions used to work out
• used to work out if an element is part of the same family as other elements • elemnts of the same family will react in a similar way
alkali metal + water=
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
alkali metal + oxygen =
metal oxide
Do group 1 elements become more/ less reactive down the group
-more reactive
lithium + oxygen =
lithium oxide
potassium + oxygen =
potassium oxide
sodium + oxygen =
sodium oxide
Why do group 1 elements become more reactive as you go down the group
• group 1 has 1 electron in outer shell • so as you go down the group the outermost electron becomes further away from the nucleus • so attraction between outermost electron and nucleus becomes less
What are the Group 7 metals known as
The Halogens
What occurs as you go down group 7
• higher boiling point • elements have a darker colour • less reactive
What is chlorine
• fairly reactive, - poisonous green gas
What is bromine
• poisonous red-brown liquid - gives off orange vapour at room temp
What is iodine
• dark grey crystalline solid - gives off purple vapour when heated
Why do group 7 elements become less reactive as you go down the group
• halogen atom needs to gain 1 electron • the easier it is for the halogen atom to attract an electron, the more reactive the halogen will be • it becomes harder to attract the extra electron to fill outer shell when its further away • hence why as you go down group 7, halogens become less reactive
Definition of a displacement reaction
when a more reactive element displaces (pushes out0 a less reactive element from a compound
Definition of oxidation
a loss of electrons
Definition of reduction
a gain in electrons
Definition of oxidising agent
-accepts electrons and gets reduced
Definition of reducing agent
-donates electrons and gets oxidised
Give an example of a halogen displacement reaction describe what is occurring in the reaction
chlorine + potassium iodide-> iodine + potassium chloride -chlorine is more reactive than iodine so the iodine is displaced from the salt • chlorine is reduced • iodine is oxidised
Definition of a redox reaction
-reactions where reduction and oxidation happen at the same time
What are the 4 gases in the atmosphere and what % of these gases are in the air
• 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • nearly 1% Argon • 0.04% Carbon dioxide
What 2 things can be used to investigate the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere
• iron - phosphorus