Renal Function Tests
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What are the functions of the urinary system? (3)
Excretion and elimination Homeostatic regulation Endocrine function
What does the urinary system excrete? (3)
Urea Creatinine Uric acid
What does the urinary system have homeostatic control over? (2)
Water-Salt balance Acid-base balance
What hormones does the urinary system have control over? (3)
EPO Renin 1-25 VitD
What does acidic urine mean
High amount of H+ ions in the urine -> body trying to get rid of these H+ ions
What are the three basic renal processes
Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion
What happens if glomerular filtration rate is low?
This means waste products will build up in blood and there will be less of these products in urine This means the glomeruli filter less blood
How high is glomerular filtration usually?
180L/day
Why is glomerular filtration rate so high?
Lots of opportunity to precisely regulate extracellular fluid composition and get rid of unwanted substances (ECF is being regulated not the urine)
Explain in your own words how renal filtration works?
Renal system filters ECF and blood -> waste forms urine and is excreted
How much urine is excreted daily?
1.5L
What is the relationship between urine and cardiac output
Urine excretion = 20% of cardiac output
What is plasma renal flow?
600ml/Minute
What is GFR also called
Ultrafiltration
How much is reabsorbed after glomerular filtration
99%
What is urine in terms of filtration?
The ultrafiltration of blood
What percentage of urea is reabsorbed and why?
Only 50.6% is reabsorbed as it is a very small molecule
What percentage of creatinine is reabsorbed?
0% is reabsorbed it is all excreted in urine
What gets filtered/passes through the glomeruli (7)
H2O Electrolytes Glucose Urea Creatinine Insulin Small molecular weight proteins
What is not filtered/will not pass through the glomeruli? (2)
Large molecular weight proteins Blood cells
What drives the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids?
Active transport carriers
How does the renal system control secretion
Secretion of waste products involves transport across capillary membranes and kidney tubules
The kidney has an excretion role, what does this do?
Excretion is needed for the maintenance of blood volume, pH, ion concentrations
What are the two types of substances removed by the renal system?
By-products of metabolism Foreign substances, e.g. drugs/environmental toxins