Acids, Bases and Alkalis
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (17)
What are the roles of indicators?
to distinguish whether a solution is acidic or alkaline.
What is red/blue litmus paper?
a paper that you can dip into a solution and will change colour. red litmus paper turns blue in alkaline solutions and blue litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions.
What is phenolphthalein?
a indicator that you can drop into a solution: turns colourless in acidic solutions and pink in alkaline solutions.
What is methyl orange?
an indicator used in acid-base titrations that turns red in acidic solutions and yellow in alkaline solutions.
Describe the pH scale
a scale that measures the acidity - alkalinity of solutions from -14. 0-6 = acid (red) 7 = neutral (green) 8-14= alkaline (blue)
What do acids in an aqueous solution release?
H+ (hydrogen) ions
What do alkalis in an aqueous solution release?
-OH (hydroxide) ions
What happens when an acid and alkali react together?
alkalis can neutralise acids. when they react together they form salt and water.
What is universal indicator?
a mix of many indicators therefore providing a wide range of pH being able to test. it changes the colour of the solution to the colour of the pH.
What is a standardised solution?
the known concentration that we use to find the unknown.
What are the general rules for predicting solubility of ionic compounds?
• common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble • all nitrates are soluble • common chlorides are soluble (except silver/lead (ii)) • common sulfates are soluble (except barium, calcium, lead(ii)) • common carbonates are insoluble (except sodium, potassium, calcium) • common hydroxides are insoluble (except sodium, potassium and calcium) however calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble
What do acids and bases do in reactions in terms of proton transfer?
acids donate H+ protons to bases during chemical reactions.
Define acid
an acid is a substance that donates H+ ions to base during a chemical reaction at a pH below 7.
Define base
a base is a substance that accepts H+ ions during a chemical reaction.
Define alkali
a base that is soluble in water and produces -OH ions over the pH of 7.
What are the acid reactionss?
hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid acid + base -> salt + water acid + alkali -> salt + water acid + metal oxide -> salt + water acid + metal -> hydrogen + salt acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide