Nutrition Unit
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What are the 6 essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins Minerals Water
What are carbs made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are proteins made out of?
hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen
What are in lipids?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (more carbon and hydrogen in proportion to oxygen than with carbs)
What are the functions of carbs?
energy and fiber
What are the functions of proteins?
tissue building, enzymes, and hormones
What are the functions of lipids?
energy storage, maintain cell structure/function, insulation, and protection
What are the functions of vitamins?
Antioxidants (protect cells from oxidative damage), coenzymes, and hormone regulation
What are the functions of minerals?
Electrolyte balance, cofactors (involved in metabolic processes), and structural elements
What are the functions of water?
hydration, transport medium (for nutrients and waste products in bloodstream), and digestion
Most to least energy dense nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
What is the purpose and functions of cellulose/hemicellulose/lignin
All three provide structure to the cell wall which makes it harder for animals to digest and great for rumen fermentation
What is silage?
Preserved animal feed made from fresh forage crops, primarily grasses or legumes, that undergo fermentation process and are stored in airtight containers
How is silage produced?
harvest, chopping (chop harvest into small pieces), compaction (stored in tightly compact container), sealing (sealed with airtight cover), and fermentation
What is the use of silage?
Feed animals, mainly when forage is scarce (like winter)
What are the nutrients in forages?
lower 60% TDN, less than 20% CP, and greater 20% NDF
What are the nutrients of high energy feeds?
greater than 60% TDN, less than 20% CP, and less than 20% NDF