enzymes 2
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plant cells are made of:
• lignin (polymer of phenolic compounds) • xylan (matrix of heteropolymers) • cellulose
enzymes for cellulose degration into glucose
• Endoglucanases will attach to cellulose • Cellobiohydrolases 1 and 2 can cleve to the reducing end or the non-reducing end • Cellobiase to degrade all the maltose into 2 glucose molecules
application of cellulases
• baking (softer dough) • brewing (better filterability) • wine and juice production (higher yield)
where do you find pectin
cell wall of fruits and veggies
which enzyme degrades pectin?
pectinases
pectin consist of: 1. smooth regions 2. hairy or branched
• homogalacturonan • xylogalacturonan
substrate specificity
enzyme is specific for a structural characterist of the substrate
reaction specificity
several enzymes catalyse the conversion of the same substrate, however only one type of reaction takes place for a certain enzyme
what is the difference between an exo-enzyme and a endo-enzyme?
An exo-enzyme works from the beginning/end of a chain (from the outside). An endo-enzyme works from the middle of a chain (from the inside).
Pectin esterase:
saponifies pectin with a high degree of esterification
Polygalacturonase (pg):
glycoside hydrolase active on pectin acid and pectin with low degree of esterification
Pectate lyase
saponifies pectin with a low degree of esterification