1. Pharmaceutical products and Drug action

1) Alter incoming sensory sensations 2) Alter a person’s mood or emotions 3) Alter the physiological state of the body (including conciousness and coordination)

1) Oral 2) Inhalation 3) Skin Patches 4) Suppositories 5) Eye or Ear drops 6) Parenteral Injections

1) Intramuscular (deepest, in muscle) 2) Subcutaneous (in the subcutaneous tissue) 3) Intravenous (fastest method of administration, into veins)

Fraction of administered dosage of a drug that enters the bloodstream thereby accessing the site of action

1) Method of administration - affects the bioavailability of a drug e.g: Intravenous = 100% but oral = 25% 2) Polarity of the drug - water or lipid solubility 3) The type of functional group present - bonding effects solubility

Safety measure of a drug. Wider window = safer drug (DOES NOT GO UNTIL TOXIC)

The ratio between the dosage that provides a toxic or lethal effect and the dosage that provides a therapeutic effect.

Ti (humans) = TD50/ED50 Ti (animals) = LD50/ED50

1) Synthesis in laboratory 2) Tested on animal to determine median lethal dosage 3) Tested on humans with placebo study - 50% receive a placebo Things to note during drug development - The ratio of risk to benefit - Any unwanted side effects - The drug tolerance

Placebos have no actual drug and the volunteers do not know if they have a placebo or the real drug. Placebo effect is when a body is fooled into healing naturally

An adverse or unwanted phisiological or psychological effect of the drug other than that which the drug was originally prescribed for.