Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular forces determine physical properties such as __ point, ___ point, ___, and __. These are __ than intramolecular forces

LDFs are Intermolecular forces that occurs between ___ molecules due to ____ dipole moment elicited by non uniform distribution of charges. It has the lowest ___ ___ and increases with ____.

Dipole-dipole forces are weak attractive forces between two ___ molecules with ___ dipoles. The __ end of one molecule attracts the ___ end of another. The more ____ the molecule, the stronger the force, and the higher the __ __-

Hydrogen bonding is a ___ type of dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom ___ bonded to an ___, ___ __ and another electronegative atom

Branched molecules tend to have ___ boiling points than their unbranched counterparts

Liquids boil when the molecules have enough _ __ to overcome the ___ __ that hold them together.

Form when atoms of slightly different electronegativities share electrons

Form between same atoms of atoms with very similar electronegativities sharing electrons equally

form when there is a complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms

form between metal cations and the valence electrons moving freely through the lattice; a metal’s outermost shell of electrons is loosely held

All phase changes are ___ change not ___ changes, and they are ___

The heat of vaporization is ___ than the heat of fusion. This is because vaporization requires more energy to break __ the forces of attraction between the molecules, but fusion requires only enough energy for molecules to escape from their sites in the __ __, leaving other forces of attraction intact

The heat of sublimation is ___ than the heat of vaporization. This is because solids have stronger __ ___ than liquids do

For a formation reaction, the reaction forms __ mole of a single product, and the reactants must be elements in their ___ states

the melting point at a pressure of 1 atm

the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals 1 atm

Where all 3 phases are present and in equilibrium

the conditions of temperature and pressure at which liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable

For CO2, there is no __ __ at 1atm, and the liquid solid boundary has a ___ slope

Liquids are generally ___ fluid with a definite __ but no fixed shape.

The degree to which a solute can be dissolved in a liquid

the degree to which a liquid mixes with another liquid

thickness of a liquid

Increasing the temperature __ the viscosity