ion charge density
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1 vs 2 charge ion s
2 has larger density has higher atomisation energy has a higher bigger hydration energy
1 smaller
smaller has a higher atomisation energy has a bigger hydration energy
entropy
the number of ways which an particles can arrangement themselves the more energy particles have the more entropy it has the measure of disorder
entropy
the measure of disorder
number of atoms
the more atoms present the higher the entropy this is because there are many ways for the particles to be arrange
energy
the atoms move more more disorder
feasible reaction
the reaction may be feasible but the AE energy is too high
reaction is feasible if
g is less than or equal to zero
born haber one direction
formation - atomisation - ionisation - electron affinty
born haber second way
lattice enthalpy formation
why does theoretical enthalpy differ from experimental enthalpy
covalent characteristics in ionic bonds
why do covalent qualities arise?
due to polarisation
what is polarisation
when cations attract electrons in the anion this disorts the electron density in the anion towards the cation and the cation is polarised
polarising power
the ability of the cation to attract electrons to itself from an anion
what increase polarising power
small ions radius high charge high charge density
example questions
It is almost ionic. very few covalent characters
anion and polarisation
The ease that they are dicorted and polarised by the cation
anions
large radius - far away from the nucleus higher charge
Entropy can
Increase
entropy increases when
temperatures increases this is because particles have kinetic energy; more movement therefore for more ways particles can be arranged