Energy Systems 1.1

Occurs in the mitochondria Fuel and oxygen enter Pyruvic acud, fats and proteins as fuel O2 combines with C to create CO2 by product Some ATP produced H ions produced and move to the next stage

Myoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen. It aids delivery of oxygen to the mitochondria within muscle cells The oxygen bonded to myoglobun is released when oxygen diffussion from the blood is too slow to meet demand

White Anaerobic Fast speed High force production Low fatigue resistance Large diameter Low capillary supply Low # mitochondria High glycolytic capacity Low oxidative capacity Very large motor nerve Cp and glycogen (fuel) Arm muscles Rapid intense movements

Red Aerobic Slow speed Low force production High fatigue resistance Small diameter High capillary supply High # mitochondria Pow glycolytic capacity High oxidative capacity Small motor nerve Triglycerides (fuel) Back and neck muscles Maintaining posture and endurance activities

Pink (white/Red) Partially Aerobic Fast speed Intermediate force production Moderate/High fatigue resistance Medium diameter Intermediate capillary supply Intermediate # mitochondria High glycolytic capacity Medium Oxidative capacity Large motor nerve Cp, glycogen (fuel) Leg muscles Walking, Sprinting

In mitochondria H and O mix to make water Heat + water as by products Water (sweat, urine, breathe) Heat transfered through blood 36 mol of ATP produced

Lactic acid is produced regularly dyring rest and excercise under the blood lactate threshold the rate of production equals the rate metabolised The rate lactate leaves muscles into the blood stream is determined by the rate of blood flow through tissue

A chemical similar to ATP in that it is a chemical that splits, releasing energy Creatine phosphate is stored in muscles and brain cells

CHO: Glucose Glycogen Blood Liver Adipose tissue Fat: Fatty acids Triglycerides Blood Muscle and liver Adipose tissue Protein: Muscle amino acids Muscles Adipose tissue

Once glycogen stores are depleted fat is used Fat requires large amounts of oxygeb to breakdown Preformance quality decreases by 50% Occurs around the 2 hr mark

Glycogen sparing is the process whereby glycogen stores are not used early in excercise due to the increase ability to use triglycerides to produce energy

Energy demands are low as heart/breathing rates are stable and low Energy produced aerobically 2/3 fats 1/4 glycogen and glucose (CHO) Occurs in the mitochondria By products heat, water, CO2

ATP- PC : through the breakdown of CP Lactic acid: through incomplete breakdown of glucose Aerobic: through complete breakdown of glucose/fats/proteins

Breakdown of phosphate Creatinr in the muscle cell Pi bonds with ADP to quickly resynthesis ATP this occurs until PC stores are depleted which occurs within approximately 2-10 seconds elite athletes slightly longer

ATP produces through incomplete breakdown of glycose through anaerobic glycolysis. Provides energy for 2-3 minutes Energy from the breakdown if glycogen into pyruvic acud is used to produce ATP Glycogen - glucose -(energy)- pyruvic acid - Lactic acid + H

Breakdown of glycogen + glucose to produce energy Aerobic - breakdown of glycogen in the presence of oxygen Anaerobic - breakdown of gylcogen in the absence of oxygen

Pyruvic acid is used by the aerobic system in the mitochondria When oxygen is limited more pyruvic acid is produced than can be used Excess pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid Lactic acud and hydrogen ions accumulate causing and increase in acidity this reduces cells ability to resynthesis ATP Muscle fibres stop sliding, ceasing muscle action

65% oxidised forming CO2 + H2O 20% converted to glucose by liver returning to be stored as glycogen in liver and muscles 10% converted in liver forming protein 5% converyed to glucose